New England and Chesapeake Essay Example for Free

New England and Chesapeake Essay During the 1610, the New England and Chesapeake region were both settled largely by people of English origin, but by 1700 the regions developed into two distinct societies. The distinctions of development arose due to differences in economy and political structure. The economy and political structure of New England and Chesapeake differed based on the geography, needs and the different values or purposes that the regions served, causing two distinct societies to emerge by 1700. In terms of economics, early distinctions occurred in that the economy of the Chesapeake colonies was based on large plantations whereas the economy of New England was based on subsistence farming and mercantilism. In early 17th century Virginia, tobacco became Virginia’s biggest profits. By 1700, 40 million pounds of tobacco was produced and large plantations were dedicated to just growing tobacco, producing a single crop economy. The large plantations provided landowners or tobacco growers with cheap and plentiful labor through the use of slaves and indentured servants. In document C, the passengers aboard the ship bound for Virginia are all mostly made up of single men well below the age of 40, showing that many are probably indentured servants who are going to work in the large plantations. By the 1660s the overproduction of tobacco dramatically decreased tobacco prices causing indigo and rice to become greater commodities. Still large plantations dominated the economy by producing indigo and rice as well. However New England colonies were based on subsistence farming and a barter economy in the early 17th century. Only enough food would be grown to support the community. Fishing oysters, whaling and homespun industry (artisans) dominated the economy. In document B, many craftsmen ventured to New England, showing that artisans were an important part of the economy. There were a few number of farmers aboard the ship as well indicating that farming was not a large part of the economy. After the Restoration and the Navigation Acts in the 1660s which restricted colonial trade to England, New England became a mercantile based economy. Trade dominated the economy. The Chesapeake colonies depended more one agriculture in their economy whereas the New England colonies depended more on trade due to the geography of the two regions. Chesapeake was located further south than New England, therefore having longer warmth periods and flat lands. These geographical  advantages allowed the Chesapeake colonies to have a longer growing season and to be able to create large plantations. The geography of the New England colonies restricted the growing season due to the high ground with many rocks and the cooler climate. New England was located along the coast giving it access to many deep harbors to foster trade. Chesapeake and New England were able to develop in to distinct societies due to their different economies where Chesapeake relied on agriculture while New England relied on mercantilism. In terms of economics, the economy of the regions differed in that Chesapeake was based on slave labor and indentured servitude whereas New England was based on reciprocity. Document A shows how New England is based on reciprocity. John Winthrop, claims that in order for the Massachusetts Bay Colony to succeed, everyone in the colony must work together productively and fend for one another. â€Å"We must be knit together in this work as one man. We must entertain each other in brotherly affection, we must be willing to abridge ourselves of our superfluities, for the supply of other’s necessities.† This shows that the colonists of New England not only work as a group by helping each other achieve success, but also treat each other with respect. Document B shows that most of the passengers heading to New England are heading there with their entire family, indicating there must be a cooperation system in New England where people cooperate with each other to meet their needs and gain profits. Many families are also traveling with their own servants therefore it can be seen that indentured servants or slave labor was not the foundation of the New England economy. In contrast document C shows that the p eople heading towards Virginia (Chesapeake colony) are mostly young single men who are probably indentured servants thereby showing that the economy of the Chesapeake colonies are based on slave labor and indentured servants. During the early 1600s, the Chesapeake colonies mostly depended on indentured servants and some slave labor since a large and cheap labor source was needed for the tobacco plantations. Since many people did not come in families, families formed slowly and could not provide a strong and abundant labor force. Natives in the colonies died quickly, causing a need for a more reliable labor force. Therefore the colonists of the Chesapeake colonies turned to indentured servants, displaced farmers in England who wanted to venture to the colonies, but did not have enough money to pay for the voyages by themselves. A plantation owner would pay for the indentured servants’ voyage and the indentured servant would have to work off the debt by working on the plantations with the promise that they would get land and shelter once they were freed. However, in the 1660s indentured servants became scarce and many of them were freed from service causing plantation owners to turn to slave labor to maintain their plantations. The economy of the Chesapeake colonies depended on slave labor and indentured servitude while New England depended on reciprocity due to Chesapeake’s dependence on agriculture for wealth and New England’s dependence on trade and crafts for wealth. Plantations worked most effectively through the use of cheap and abundant labor while trade and mercantilism worked most effectively through cooperation. In terms of political structure, differences in government can be seen in that the Chesapeake colonies were based more on the landed aristocracy whereas the New England colonies were based more on religion and the church. In the Chesapeake colonies the plantation owners of the landed aristocracy had most control over the government. Many landowners and the landed aristocracy made up the government including the council and the House of Burgess in Virginia. These officials made up the laws and collected taxes, giving them control over the government. William Berkeley, the governor of Virginia during the mid-1600s adopted many policies favoring the plantation owners and used his powers to benefit the landowners, giving large planters economic and political control in the colony. Many freemen who worked off their debts did not have land. The favoring of the landowners by the government soon erupted into a rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon. In Document F, Bacon’s Manifesto claims that the government is corrupt and only concerned for their own estates, collecting all the money from the taxes to better develop their estates, showing how the planters dominated the political life of New England. The government failed to protect the frontier settlements where most yeoman farmers were from Indian attacks and instead only concerned themselves with the large plantations. In contrast the government of the New England colonies were centered on religion. In the Plymouth settlement, the church became the civil and social institution of the colony. People who did not conform to the religious values or ideals of the Puritans were executed as seen in the Salem Witch Trials, where the government ordered and allowed the execution of â€Å"witches† or social outcasts  in 1692. In Massachusetts, communities of pure Christians were made. The government did not tolerate any religious views besides Puritan views. Even educati on and literacy centered on religious values. Land in the New England colonies were maintained and controlled by the Elders of the church and the amount of land given to each family would depend on their usefulness to the church as well as the size of the family. Every family should have enough to sustain themselves. The church also dominated political authority. Only male church member could vote, pass taxes, settle disputed, hold town meetings and appoint government officials. The government of the New England colonies was centered on religion whereas the government of the Chesapeake colonies was centered on planters. The differences are due to the original purpose of each region/colony. Virginia and Maryland were founded primarily for commercial venture causing land and commodities to become most important, thereby having land equated power. Massachusetts and Plymouth were founded primarily for refuge for English separatists or puritans causing religion to become the most important aspect of colonial life and thereby giving power to the church. All in all the New England and Chesapeake settlements evolved into two distinct societies despite their English origin due to their economic and political differences. The economy of New England was based on mercantilism and reciprocity/cooperation whereas the economy of Chesapeake was based on agriculture and slave labor. The political system also differed in that New England was based on religion whereas Chesapeake was based on the landed aristocracy and the planters. The differences caused the different regions to develop distinctive needs in order for the regions to prosper, leading to two distinctive societies.

Comparing Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt Essay -- Compare Contr

Comparing Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt During the 20th century many different presidents went in and out of the doors of the White House serving the country the best they could. However, two of these men hold a place in American history as perhaps the greatest leaders that had ever served our country. Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson are two extraordinary men that symbolize the hope and aspirations of the American people during such a tumultuous time in United States history. Both of these men held leadership qualities like no other, had strong views for America, and held exceptional ideas on foreign policy. Theodore Roosevelt stepped into head of office on September 19, 1901 when President William McKinley was assassinated. He was the youngest man to become president. His motto was â€Å"speak softly but carry a big stick.† President Roosevelt would come into power offering America the square deal. He would take the power away from the industrialists as he controlled big business from the White House. He would soon become known as a TrustBuster. Roosevelt used American power for American interests and was quoted as saying, â€Å"I am an American first and last. â€Å" Although some historians argue that Roosevelt acted like a six-year-old throughout his presidency and that he didn’t think things through, ie â€Å"he thought with his hips†, one can admire the tremendous leadership qualities that Teddy Roosevelt had. First, he was a very bold man who graduated magna cum laude from Harvard. The average citizen was aware of what a â€Å"positive, warm and tou gh, authoritative and funny† president that they had leading them. His leadership qualities stemmed from his time as a New York state Assembly man, a deputy sheriff, a ... ...ir racial characteristics. He also knew the value of the ethnic vote. Wilson on the other hand was a racist who brought his Virginia attitude with him to the White House. Perhaps the most ironic thing about these two men is the fact that Theodore Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1904 for helping resolve the Russian-Japanese fighting, and TR never was in office during the Great Wars while Wilson was. However, we did end up getting the United Nations from Woodrow Wilson’s presidency. In conclusion, Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson were very different people who held different beliefs on America, but nonetheless, these two men gave their all in making America a better place. Without these two leaders, America could have been a very different place today. Who knows, I might have been writing this paper in German had it not been for them.

Five challenges of human resource manager Essay

1.2. Finding and Retaining Talent Human resource is an important resource of a company as important as capital. It could be pivotal for a company in enhancing the company’s competitive advantage. This is because the most challenging task of human resource manager is to retain recruit and the right people for a suitable position and having such people in the time they need it. Hiring of appropriate personnel is one of the key determinations in making the company difference from others. In current environment, the talent that needed by the company is limited even the labour available is usually more than the position available in the market. This make the human resource faced with challenges as they are indirectly competing with other companies’ human resource in  order to attract and retain the talent in their company. To stay outstanding from other companies, it is depending on the ability of the human resource to continuously finding new ways to maximize the level of talent in their company especially the knowledge-centric companies. But, such task is not easy to accomplish in the current competitive market. Besides that, retaining existing talent is also one of the challenging tasks for human resource manager. Again, due to the increase in competitiveness of the market, some companies may offer better benefits for the employees that they wish to hire in order to attract those employees to quit their current job and work for the new company. Hence, the human resource manager needs to put effort and find new creative ways in order to retain talent in their companies. To solve such challenges mentioned above, the human resource manager may offer a custom-made or more liberalized system that less restricted the employees. For example, decentralized the company so that those employees are empowered and allowed to give suggestion and made decisions which in turns made them feel they are appreciated by the company; add creativity to their job design so that they feel motivated to come across different challenges; offering additional benefits such bonus or voucher that is out of their expectation; providing them better working conditions by designing a healthy entertainment area (such as gym) for employees to relax themselves; and others. 1.3. Change Management One of the functions of human resource is to improve the position of business or to assist the business to achieve certain improvement. In order to carry out the improvement activities which conducted to adapt with the changing business environment, certain changes may be made to the corporation, especially technology changes. In managing such changes, the employees may resist to change as they are afraid that their responsibilities and their positions will be replaced by the new technology that is introduced into the company where such new technology may improve the efficiency and effectiveness of work. Hence, the role of human resource manager is to deal with this resistance issue. However, it is not easy to change people mind. This issue has becoming one of the biggest challenges face by the human resource manager. To reduce or overcome this issue, before the corporation implement any new changes, the human resource manager shall communicate to  the employees to explain the reasons to change and benefits that could gain through the change as well as the constrains so that the employees may have proper mental and physical preparation before they approach to the changes in the corporation. Besides that, the human resource manager may also emphasize that the technology will only assist rather than replace the employees to eliminate employees’ anxiety in facing with the changes. And, at the same time appreciate the employees so that the employees know their worth to the corporation which helps increase their sense of security of their positions. 1.4. Investigating Employee Complaints In a working environment, some frictions may occur between the employees and supervisors, which resulting in employees’ complaints. This is because the supervisor always being over-confidence with their management style that they didn’t realize that it had affected the employees. And, certain employees also do not realize own problems but always assumed the problem is come from the supervisor. The Human Resource Department is responsible to handling such conflict and employees’ complaints. They need to investigate the reasons behind the complaint and find the best solution to the problem. However, it is not easy to solve the conflict as those significant complaints usually come when it reach a critical situation. Human resource manager tends to end up coaching both sides without giving a solution due to lacking of experience or knowledge on how to deal with conflicts. In fact, improvement comes after conflict being solved. However, handling employees in the best possible way is a big challenge for the human resource manager. To solve this challenge, the human resource manager may attend certain training regarding human resource management on how to deal with conflicts in the companies. They also need to be neutral in handling the complaints, but not only listen to one party word. They should not only comfort, but to communicate with the related party regarding the problem, so that the problem may solve rather than only curb in order to prevent it happened again. 1.5. Relationship Management Human resource department is a place for employees to voice out their  concerns. Hence, human resource manager is responsible to communicate with the employees to deal with any problems or issues raised and at the same time ensuring employees’ human right is protected. To carry out these tasks effectively, human resource manager is encouraged to maintain neutral relationship with the employees to avoid discrimination, bias or unfair treatment being given to different employees. However, this had becoming a big challenge for the human resource manager because as a human being, it is not easy to remain unswervingly when a great concern, which might affecting him or someone he care, has approach to him. A good relationship management may comfort the employees and increase employees’ trust and loyalty towards the company; while a poor relationship management may fail to solve the issues raised and demotivate the employees. To improve such relationship management skill of the human resource manager, training regarding relationship management may provide to the manager so that he place the organization benefits as the priority. The human resource manager should also listen to the employees concern first without prejudice to ensure fair treatment will be given to the employees. Besides that, communication is a main element in relationship management where effective communication builds trust while poor communication causes uncertainty. Hence, the human resource manager shall improve his communication skills in order to maintain proper relationship with the employees. 1.6. Managing Cultural Diversity Managing diversity is a significant challenge that most companies do not recognized or realized. It is actually important and need to pay attention on due to the globalization that resulting in internationalization nowadays. In today environment, the labor involving many people from different cultures and this including those that come from different countries, possessed different education background, working experiences, religious beliefs, different maturity of thinking level and perception, abilities and talent, etc. The challenges of human resource manager are to manage such cultural diversity and ensuring the people can work and cooperate together harmoniously. Human resource manager also need to revise the corporate culture to ensure that it appropriate to all individuals according to different cultural sensitivity. However, the more the employees from  different cultures being hired, the more difficult the human resource manager to reconcile everything in order to comfort everyone in the company. To resolve this challenge, the human resource manager needs to maintain a good relationship with all employees. He shall understand every culture well and always communicate with the employees so that he can solve any problem raised as soon as possible before the problem being expanded and causing un-retrievable situations. 2.0. REFERENCES Human Resource Management Challenges. Villanova University. Retrieved from: http://www.villanovau.com/human-resource-management-challenges/. Accessed date: 17/6/2014 Challenges Faced by Human Resource Managers Because of Technical Changes . Jeremy C Bradley, Demand Media. Retrieved from: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/challenges-faced-human-resource-managers-because-technical-changes-61058.html. Accessed date: 17/6/2014 Major Challenges Affecting a Human Resources Manager. Jeremy C Bradley, Demand Media. Retrieved from: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/major-challenges-affecting-human-resources-manager-57675.html. Accessed date: 17/6/2014 Facing Modern HR Challenges Head-On. N Nayab, Michele McDonough. Retrieved from: http://www.brighthub.com/office/human-resources/articles/83254.aspx. Accessed Date: 21/6/2014 Major Challenges Affecting a Human Resource Manager. Ralph Heibutzi, Demand Media. Retrieved from: http://everydaylife.globalpost.com/major-challenges-affecting-human-resource-ma nager-29113.html. Accessed Date: 21/6/2014

The Athenian And Roman Empires - 7856 Words

John Haberstroh HIST 211 Winter 2017 Dr. Salzman Aelius Aristides on the Athenian and Roman Empires: ÃŽÅ"ÏÅ'ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š and ÃŽ ¦ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ »ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¸Ã Ãâ€°Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ± in the Panathenaicus and Roman Oration Introduction By the first century BC, the Rome had become a Pan-Mediterranean Empire. Its imperial apparatus spanned from Britain to Egypt and included a diverse body of peoples. The Romans inherited in their eastern provinces a world with a long tradition of cities and urbanism.1 Cities were a major factor in how the Roman Empire governed, and cities formed a traditional locus of social, political, and economic organization. Thoughts on cities during the second century AD continued to be seen as important hubs of society within the Roman Empire. By the middle of the†¦show more content†¦1 (1968): 1– 223, except where noted. All references to the Panathenaicus are noted according to Oliver’s number as well as Haberstroh 2 The Second Sophistic and Aelius Aristides Despite being separated by over five years, Greek writers of the Second Sophistic discussed themes of Classical Greece with a sense of immediacy. The early third century writer Philostratus coined the term â€Å"Second Sophistic† (ÃŽ ´ÃŽ µÃ Ãâ€žÃŽ µÃ ÃŽ ± ÏÆ'ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€ ÃŽ ¹ÃÆ'Ï„Î ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ®) to describe type of oratory practiced by Attic orators in the fourth century BC, most notably Aeschines.3 Education, or paideia, is seen as a defining characteristic of the Second Sophistic, and as stated above, is most associated with oratory and rhetoric.4 Paideia was a cultural category, though one not completely detached from ethnicity, as Adam Kemezis has argued, but it was a â€Å"shared system of reference and expectation,† according to Goldhill.5 What is most important, however, is that paideia was a pursuit reserved for men in the elite classes, and Aristides embodies a man of such standing and cultural training.6 Adam Kemezis defined the Second Sophistic as â€Å"a technical term generally used to refer both to a body of writings and to a set of cultural practices of which those writings were a part.†7 Simon Goldhill has pointed to the various problems with the term, namely that there existed no uniform agenda of the writers, the lack of an agreed upon group of genres, and aShow MoreRelatedAmerica s Establishment Of Democratization1498 Words   |  6 Pages(council of representatives) and the dikasteria (courts which citizens argued out cases). 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There are three different periods that span the history of the Greek and Roman empires; the HellenicRead MoreAncient Athens: The Prototype for Western Democracy Essays1264 Words   |  6 Pagesallowed for the rise of a citizenship of voters, something unique in the ancient world. The Athenian love of physical activity culminated in the Olympics, an event that though ended by the Roman Empire, inspired the Olympics of the modern era. Though Athens was later conquered by the Roman Empire, it still served as the center of culture until its ultimate collapse in the 6th century AD via the Eastern Roman Empire. Ultimately, Western Society owes a debt to ancient Athens as this small city-state providedRead MoreSimilarities Greeks and Romans Essay896 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween Greece and Rome. | Essay. | | Zack Skone | 4/18/2013 | This document is about the similarities and differences between Ancient Greece and Rome. | Comparisons and differences between the Ancient Greeks and Romans The Ancient Greeks and Romans both began their histories as city-states. While the coastline and the mountainous terrain of the Greek peninsula isolated the various Greek cities from one another, the city of Rome was located in the middle of north-south boarderRead MoreThe Classic Age Of Greece996 Words   |  4 PagesPersian Empire and because of that they defeated the Persians. After the war was over and they no longer needed each other, Greek city-states began fighting against one another. When the Greeks weren’t fighting off Persians they were fighting against each other. The two main city-states against each other were Athens and Sparta. The Athenians hated the Spartans so much they asked foreigners for help before even approaching the fellow Greeks. Political change heavily occurred when Athenian citizensRead MoreGreek and Roman Concepts of Citizenship and Government1361 Words   |  6 PagesGreek and Roman Concepts of Citizenship and Government Joe Wickenden, Sarah Dowling, Ginger Snyder, Leone Hansen HIS/341 October 27, 2014 Joel Getz Greek and Roman Concepts of Citizenship and Government The definition of citizenship in Greek and Roman cultures can be described much differently than the current democratic definition of contemporary nations. The Roman Empire differed from the Athenian Amphictyony and the Assyrian Empire as well as the sunder later emperors such as VespasianRead MoreThe Collapse Of A Society1484 Words   |  6 Pageswithdraw but the Athenians would not allow it and became oppressive and coercive over the small city-states who tried to revolt. The greed of the Athenians to create their own empire lead them to become unjust. Athenians used the money from the league to rebuild Athens that had not been fixed since the Persian invasion. They built grand lavish structures such as the Parthenon. Rebellions sparked as a result. The small city-states turned to Sparta for help to combat against Athenian power. This newlyRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of Early Civilizations Essay823 Words   |  4 Pagesvalleys of Sumer and Egypt. Cuneiform writing in Sumer and t he hieroglyphics in Egypt was developed in this time period. Such things as the Code of Hammurabi and the fall of the Assyrian Empire, The Persian wars, assassination of Julius Caesar, it was also the start of the Greco-Roman Age, and the end of the Roman Empire in the West. The Hebrews became in existence in 1250 B.C. – 515 B.C This was the Hebrew mass departure from Egypt. Moses the messenger of God came to lead the Hebrews to becoming aRead MoreAncient Greece: Athens and Sparta650 Words   |  3 PagesSparta. Traditionally, Athens is viewed as a peaceful place where learning and culture were the main activities of its citizens while Sparta was considered an aggressive culture determined to be the military power in the Greek area. Unlike the typical Athenian who spent his days reading and learning the typical Spartan concerned himself with the activities of the state and preparing himself for war or so tradition says. 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What Is Battery Acid

Battery acid could refer to any acid used in a chemical cell or battery, but usually, this term describes the acid used in a lead-acid battery, such as those found in motor vehicles.   Car or automotive battery acid is 30-50% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in water. Usually, the acid has a mole fraction of 29%-32% sulfuric acid, a density of 1.25–1.28 kg/L and concentration of 4.2–5 mol/L. Battery acid has a pH of approximately 0.8.​ Construction and Chemical Reaction A lead-acid battery consists of two lead plates separated by a liquid or gel containing sulfuric acid in water. The battery is rechargeable, with charging and  discharging chemical reactions. When the battery is being used (discharged), electrons move from the negatively-charged lead plate to the positively-charged plate. The negative plate reaction is: Pb(s) HSO4-(aq) → PbSO4(s) H(aq) 2 e- The positive plate reaction is: PbO2(s) HSO4- 3H(aq) 2 e- → PbSO4(s) 2 H2O(l) Which may be combined to write the overall chemical reaction: Pb(s) PbO2(s) 2 H2SO4(aq) → 2 PbSO4(s) 2 H2O(l) Charging and Discharging When the battery is fully charged, the negative plate is lead, the electrolyte is concentrated sulfuric acid, and the positive plate is lead dioxide. If the battery is overcharged, electrolysis of water produces hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, which are lost. Some types of batteries allow water to be added to make up for the loss. When the battery is discharged, the reverse reaction forms lead sulfate on both plates. If the battery is fully discharged, the result is two identical lead sulfate plates, separated by water. At this point, the battery is considered completely dead and cant recover or charged again.

The Effects Of Homelessness On A Child s Mental State

Imagine seeing a six-year-old child on the street with tears streaming from his immense, pitiful eyes hoping that one day he can attend school, live in a house, or even get a chance to play with toys. Children’s early experiences shape who they are and affect lifelong health and learning. However, a homeless child lacks opportunities such as safe and stable housing, nurturing and responsive parenting, as well as high-quality learning opportunities from home and school. Thus, it is clear that homelessness has negative developmental effects on a child mentally, socially, and academically. Firstly, homelessness has an impact on a child’s mental state. For children to grow, learn, and master the developmental tasks of childhood, they must be physically and emotionally healthy. A homeless child is raised without the constant nurture of parents, because many parents are pre-occupied with tending to the family’s housing problems or taking care of themselves. Author Ellen Hart-Shegos (1999) states that homeless children are at â€Å"increased risk for mental health problems due to high levels of stress and trauma they experience.† Homeless children are in a constant state of worry and are scared about having no place to live or sleep. The endless anxiety and concern can â€Å"stress their developing systems, including lack of sleep, hunger, and increased levels of stress hormones.† (Smith, 2010) Eventually, a child can become depressed from anxiety and the stress to the body. HomelessShow MoreRelatedThe Homeless Are Homeless : A Middle Class Life style After Marriage1654 Words   |  7 PagesMaxwell and Erin were living a middle class lifestyle after marriage. After a year of marriage, taxes and bills began to catch up to them. Maxwell lost his job and Erin became pregnant. By the time their child was one year old their house was foreclosed, cars and valuable possessions were sold for money just to be able to eat for the next month. Living on the streets moving from shelter to shelter they were barely getting the nutrition that is needed to survive. So many people can end up homelessRead MoreThe Problem Of Homeless People1280 Words   |  6 PagesWhen thinking of homeless people, one would probably think of a bum who is an addict or alcoholic. Homelessness affects a variety of people. Homelessness as an issue in today s society is largely ignored. The problem of homelessness is barely noticed. The growing population of homeless people is shown that more people are still suffering financial problems and struggling in maint aining their life basis. Many families and children have experienced trauma prior to becoming homeless. Parents areRead MoreHomelessness1688 Words   |  7 PagesCauses of Homelessness in America Homelessness is an ongoing problem for our society. Every day we come to terms with the effects of it, but what about the causes? By definition, a person who is homeless lives in public. The lack and destruction of federal housing programs and increasing rents forced those who are homeless to do in public what everyone prefers to do in private. According to the website, National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty, the Low Income Housing Information ServiceRead MoreNegative Effects Of Homelessness1446 Words   |  6 Pagesthemselves the question, â€Å"Does homelessness affect me at all?† Typically, if homelessness isn’t affecting a certain individual or anyone that they’re close to, they tend to not want to help. From previous research done by Pergantis, Tolliver, Bishop, 2016, it is a known fact that about 578,242 people in America are considered to be homeless. People who were homeless back then done by were considered as disconnected from the world and they have also encountered psychological effects. 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According to Edidin, Ganim, Hunter, Karnik (2012) on any particular night in the United States there are ~2 million homeless youth living on the streets, in shelters, or in other temporary accommodation. Youth become homeless for multiple reasons whether it be because they have aged out of foster care, ran from home, were kicked out of their homeRead MoreHow Bipolar Disorder Affects The Way A Person s Brain Works Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesOur Invisible Youth Bipolar disorders are one of several different medical conditions called depressive disorders which influence the way a person s brain works. In the United States alone this is a widespread phenomena and it is estimated that more than 17.4 million people have some type of a depressive disorder each year. This disorder has been arranged into four types of classifications: Bipolar I, Bipolar II, Cyclothymic Disorder, and Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified. The classificationsRead MoreAmerican Journal Reviews of Child and Family Homelessness720 Words   |  3 Pages, et al. Twenty-Five Years of Child and Family Homelessness: Where are we Now? American Journal of Public Health 103.2 (2013): E1-E10. ProQuest. Web. 1 Mar. 2014. Roy Grant, M.A., et al. conducted a review of family and childhood homelessness over a course between a twenty-five year span of the 1980’s to 2013. They reviewed journal articles, government reports, and news stories to find any changes in conditions or the amount of family and childhood homelessness. The review concluded family andRead MoreLife Of Homeless People Across The United States Of America1550 Words   |  7 Pages Condition call Homelessness A young twelve year old girl named Dasani lives in the Auburn Family Residence in Brooklyn, New York City, New York. Auburn’s Family Residence is a shelter for more than 22,000 homeless children in New York. Dasani lives in a place where mold and roaches claims the walls, where vomit submerges the toilets, where kids like Dasani have to watch after their mom as they try to cleanse themselves in a shower that looks and smells like it hasn’t been cleaned since it openedRead MoreHelping The Homeless - Original Writing1672 Words   |  7 Pagespeople who don’t have a home (â€Å"Why Homeless?†). While there are ways to combat homelessness, a program called Housing First should be implemented in the Fairfax County area to address this issue and get homeless people into stable living conditions. Solving homelessness across America is an overwhelming task, but providing aid to the homeless in one specific area is something that can be done. This problem of homelessness may not disappear completely, but the number of homeless people can be reduced

Ritalin and Its Uses Essay Example For Students

Ritalin and Its Uses Essay Ritalin and Its UsesIn recent years, more and more kids seem to be on a prescription drugcalled Ritalin(methylphenidate). This drug is being handed out more and more bydoctors as a way of treating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, a complexneurological impairnment that prevents kids from concentrating. According tothe Drug Enforcement Agency, it rose fron 200 grams per 100,000 people to over1400 grams per 100,000 people in the last fifteen years. The National Instituteof Mental Health estimates that about one student in every classroom is believedto experience the disorder. The rate of Ritalin use in the United States is atleast five times higher than in the rest of the world according to federalstudies. Are doctors just catching this disabling affliction more often? Ordoes society just want a convenient way to solve a complicated problem. Ritalin is a central nervous system stimulant that is somewhat similarto amphetamines. It was created in 1955, classified as a controlled substancein 1971, and became the drug of choice for ADHD in 1981. It is also used intreating narcolepsy. It is thought to activate the brain stem arousal systemand cortex, and, like cocaine, works on the neurotransmitter dopamine. Itappears to increase the levels of dopamine in the frontal lobe where attentionand impulsive actions are regulated. When taken in its intended form under adoctors prescritption, it has moderate stimulant properties. There has been agreat deal of concern about its addictive qualities and adverse affects. ADHD is a relatively new disorder. It was introduced in 1980, where itwas labeled ADD(attention deficit disorder). In the 1950s, children weresimply labeled hyperkinetic. The term hyperactivity was added in 1987,hence the name ADHD. Not all children have the hyperactivity, and thus arelabeled to have ADD. ADD is not treated with Ritalin; antidepressants are morecommonly used. One of the problems with the label ADHD is that just because achild may be overly hyper, doesnt mean the child is not paying attention. Theproblem is, the child is paying too much attention to too many things at thesame time. ADHD is childrens #1 childhood psychiatric disorder. The prevalence isthree times as likely in boys than girls. The children tend to be very bright,but are poor students because they cnat settle down. They blurt questions outbefore they are asked. They cant wait their turn, stop fidgeting their legsand tapping their pencils. They tend to be forgetful, have problems followingdirections, and lose things easily, as well as their tempers. This behavioroccurs constantly. This may be a reason why teachers and school psychologistsare adament in their beliefs; these kids are disrupting their classrooms, sothey want the problem solved immeditately, and take the quick fix approach. Experts believe that more than two million children (3-5%) have the disorder. Some scientists believe ADHD is a result of a problem in pregnancyranging from fetal alcohol syndrome to exposure to lead in utero. Otherssuggest that ADHD is hereditary. Dr. Russel Barkley, of the University ofMinnesota reports that nearly half the ADHD children have a parent, and morethan one third have a sibling, with the disorder. Ritalin as prescribed is taken orally, and takes effect in about 30minutes and lasts for about 3-4 hours. Kids usually take 5-10 mg doses threetimes a day. Although many experts report that Ritalin is a positive treatmentin 9 out of 10 patienst, and many parents and students claim the drug is abenefit in their lives, there are many who question the drugs long-termeffects, dangers, misdiagnosis, and non-medical abuse. Diagnosis forADHD isnt as easy as you think. There is no blood test, no x-ray, or no catscan to determine a biological cause for the disorder. Teachers, even inpreschool strongly advocate the drug(negative reinforcement). Schoolpsychologists are even prescribing the drug before giving an evaluation becausethere are so many referrals and a lack of school psychologists (1:2100 students). .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f , .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .postImageUrl , .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f , .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f:hover , .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f:visited , .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f:active { border:0!important; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f:active , .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Comparing throughput accounting and cost based approaches EssayMany times, it has been shown, that psychiatrists who often diagnose for ADHDin children, are disdiagnosing disorders similar to ADHD such as learningdisabilities, depression or anxiety disorders; disorders that do notneccessitate Ritalin as a therapy. Some doctors who are reluctant to prescribeRitalin find that the childerens parents just switch doctors and find doctorswho will. Unfortunately, this is surprisingly easy. Doctors surveyed by theArchives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine said they send ADHD children homein about an hour. The children are not only sent home with just a prescription,but rarely a ny follow up care of additional therapy is adnministered. Expertsin the field of ADHD say behavior modification techniques and extra help inschool is a better way in treating the disorder. Since it takes time to sitdown and go through therapy sessions, and it takes time for parents to fit tisall into their lifestyle, a pill is much more convenient. There are no longterm studies on the effects that it has on children, so many fear whatcomplications may occur later on in life. Correct diagnosis would occur if doctors would take the time to providea complete examination of the patient. To make a correct ADHD diagnosis, it isimportant to review the childs family history, give abstract cognitive tests,observe their behavior, and run a slew of behavioral exams. Other disordersmust be ruled out first. Parents need to make sure a complete evaluation iscarried out before putting a pill in a childs mouth. One would think thatevery parent would explore every option before relying on medication only. Diagnosis would also be much easier if doctors could find a flaw in thebrain. Several studies have shown that ADHD brains look and function slightlydifferent that normal brains. PET(positron emission tomography) has shownthat ADHD brains use less glucose in the prefrontal lobe. The prefrontal lobeis the center for impulse control and attention. By using less glucose-orenergy, this would then agree with the childs behavioral problems. Other testsshow that there is less electrical activity in the same region of the brain. Nonetheless, these studies have not yet been proven to be the cause for thedisorder. Many people are concerned with the non-medical use of Ritalin, also. Ritalin is a Schedule II controlled substance, which means it is a very powerfuldrug, and in the same category as cocaine, methadone, and methamphetamines. TheManufacturer of Ritalin, Ciba-Geiby Corporation, cautions doctors that manyadverse side effects are possible under normal dosage such as: nervousness,insomnia, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, heart palpitations,headaches, rise in heart rate and blood pressure, skin rashes, itching,abdominal pain, weight loss, digestive problems, toxic psychosis, psychoticepisodes, and severe depression upon withdrawal. Many question if such a drugshould be so freely handed out to children because of its possible dangerouseffects. Parents are even trying to lessen the restrictions on Ritalin so theywont have to make monthly doctor visits. Its rise on the black market has also been increasing. Since it is sowidely available, many kids sell the pills for 3-15 dollars a pill. The buyersthen crush up the pill and snort it, giving an intense high similar to cocaine. Some also dissolve it in water and inject it intravenously. In these forms, itis highly addictive, and withdrawal symptoms are also similar to cocaine. Someof the side effects at these high doses may be life threatening: loss ofappetite(may cause serious malnutrition), tremors and muscle twitching, fevers,convulsions, and headaches(may be severe), irregular heartbeat andrespiration(may be profound and life threatening), anxiety, restlessness,paranoia, hallucinations, delusions, excessive repetition of movements andmeaningless tasks, and formicaton(sensation of bugs or worms crawling under theskin). It seems to be abused by high school kids and college studentspredominantly. Although the drug is too complex to manufacture illegally, andit doesnt create the euphoric effect that cocaine has, it seems to be an aid instudying for final exams. It allows students to stay up all night allowing themto cram much easier. .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 , .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .postImageUrl , .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 , .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23:hover , .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23:visited , .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23:active { border:0!important; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23:active , .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cloning and stem cell research EssayIt is important to remember that too many children in America aresuffering from this ailment, and yet too many kids are getting pills instead ofproper care. Although Ritalin currently seems to be an effective way intreating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, we must not treat thisdisorder hastily. Our society must realize that prescription drugs can havejust as many complications as street drugs. Befor writing out a prescription,or carelessly diagnosing ADHD, we must remember that these are kids we aredealing with. They put all their faith in us to help them, and not just tomedicate them.