What Is Battery Acid

Battery acid could refer to any acid used in a chemical cell or battery, but usually, this term describes the acid used in a lead-acid battery, such as those found in motor vehicles.   Car or automotive battery acid is 30-50% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in water. Usually, the acid has a mole fraction of 29%-32% sulfuric acid, a density of 1.25–1.28 kg/L and concentration of 4.2–5 mol/L. Battery acid has a pH of approximately 0.8.​ Construction and Chemical Reaction A lead-acid battery consists of two lead plates separated by a liquid or gel containing sulfuric acid in water. The battery is rechargeable, with charging and  discharging chemical reactions. When the battery is being used (discharged), electrons move from the negatively-charged lead plate to the positively-charged plate. The negative plate reaction is: Pb(s) HSO4-(aq) → PbSO4(s) H(aq) 2 e- The positive plate reaction is: PbO2(s) HSO4- 3H(aq) 2 e- → PbSO4(s) 2 H2O(l) Which may be combined to write the overall chemical reaction: Pb(s) PbO2(s) 2 H2SO4(aq) → 2 PbSO4(s) 2 H2O(l) Charging and Discharging When the battery is fully charged, the negative plate is lead, the electrolyte is concentrated sulfuric acid, and the positive plate is lead dioxide. If the battery is overcharged, electrolysis of water produces hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, which are lost. Some types of batteries allow water to be added to make up for the loss. When the battery is discharged, the reverse reaction forms lead sulfate on both plates. If the battery is fully discharged, the result is two identical lead sulfate plates, separated by water. At this point, the battery is considered completely dead and cant recover or charged again.

The Effects Of Homelessness On A Child s Mental State

Imagine seeing a six-year-old child on the street with tears streaming from his immense, pitiful eyes hoping that one day he can attend school, live in a house, or even get a chance to play with toys. Children’s early experiences shape who they are and affect lifelong health and learning. However, a homeless child lacks opportunities such as safe and stable housing, nurturing and responsive parenting, as well as high-quality learning opportunities from home and school. Thus, it is clear that homelessness has negative developmental effects on a child mentally, socially, and academically. Firstly, homelessness has an impact on a child’s mental state. For children to grow, learn, and master the developmental tasks of childhood, they must be physically and emotionally healthy. A homeless child is raised without the constant nurture of parents, because many parents are pre-occupied with tending to the family’s housing problems or taking care of themselves. Author Ellen Hart-Shegos (1999) states that homeless children are at â€Å"increased risk for mental health problems due to high levels of stress and trauma they experience.† Homeless children are in a constant state of worry and are scared about having no place to live or sleep. The endless anxiety and concern can â€Å"stress their developing systems, including lack of sleep, hunger, and increased levels of stress hormones.† (Smith, 2010) Eventually, a child can become depressed from anxiety and the stress to the body. HomelessShow MoreRelatedThe Homeless Are Homeless : A Middle Class Life style After Marriage1654 Words   |  7 PagesMaxwell and Erin were living a middle class lifestyle after marriage. After a year of marriage, taxes and bills began to catch up to them. Maxwell lost his job and Erin became pregnant. By the time their child was one year old their house was foreclosed, cars and valuable possessions were sold for money just to be able to eat for the next month. 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The lack and destruction of federal housing programs and increasing rents forced those who are homeless to do in public what everyone prefers to do in private. According to the website, National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty, the Low Income Housing Information ServiceRead MoreNegative Effects Of Homelessness1446 Words   |  6 Pagesthemselves the question, â€Å"Does homelessness affect me at all?† Typically, if homelessness isn’t affecting a certain individual or anyone that they’re close to, they tend to not want to help. From previous research done by Pergantis, Tolliver, Bishop, 2016, it is a known fact that about 578,242 people in America are considered to be homeless. People who were homeless back then done by were considered as disconnected from the world and they have also encountered psychological effects. Other writers likeRead MoreHomeless Children : The Poverty Rate, Lack Of Affordable Housing And Single Parent Households1476 Words   |  6 PagesHomeless Children According to recent reports child homelessness, an estimated 2.5 million children are homeless in the United States. Sadly, nearly half of these children are under the age of five. In fact, one in every thirty children is considered homeless and the numbers continue to increase annually (Bassuk, E., DeCandia, C., Beach, C., Berman, F., 2014) Though many factors contribute to this social epidemic, the high poverty rate, lack of affordable housing and single parent households areRead MoreHomelessness And The Homeless Youth1442 Words   |  6 Pages Homelessness is a major problem in the United States. An incredibly vulnerable group is the homeless youth due to their young age and lack of education. According to Edidin, Ganim, Hunter, Karnik (2012) on any particular night in the United States there are ~2 million homeless youth living on the streets, in shelters, or in other temporary accommodation. Youth become homeless for multiple reasons whether it be because they have aged out of foster care, ran from home, were kicked out of their homeRead MoreHow Bipolar Disorder Affects The Way A Person s Brain Works Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesOur Invisible Youth Bipolar disorders are one of several different medical conditions called depressive disorders which influence the way a person s brain works. In the United States alone this is a widespread phenomena and it is estimated that more than 17.4 million people have some type of a depressive disorder each year. This disorder has been arranged into four types of classifications: Bipolar I, Bipolar II, Cyclothymic Disorder, and Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified. The classificationsRead MoreAmerican Journal Reviews of Child and Family Homelessness720 Words   |  3 Pages, et al. Twenty-Five Years of Child and Family Homelessness: Where are we Now? American Journal of Public Health 103.2 (2013): E1-E10. ProQuest. Web. 1 Mar. 2014. Roy Grant, M.A., et al. conducted a review of family and childhood homelessness over a course between a twenty-five year span of the 1980’s to 2013. They reviewed journal articles, government reports, and news stories to find any changes in conditions or the amount of family and childhood homelessness. The review concluded family andRead MoreLife Of Homeless People Across The United States Of America1550 Words   |  7 Pages Condition call Homelessness A young twelve year old girl named Dasani lives in the Auburn Family Residence in Brooklyn, New York City, New York. Auburn’s Family Residence is a shelter for more than 22,000 homeless children in New York. Dasani lives in a place where mold and roaches claims the walls, where vomit submerges the toilets, where kids like Dasani have to watch after their mom as they try to cleanse themselves in a shower that looks and smells like it hasn’t been cleaned since it openedRead MoreHelping The Homeless - Original Writing1672 Words   |  7 Pagespeople who don’t have a home (â€Å"Why Homeless?†). While there are ways to combat homelessness, a program called Housing First should be implemented in the Fairfax County area to address this issue and get homeless people into stable living conditions. Solving homelessness across America is an overwhelming task, but providing aid to the homeless in one specific area is something that can be done. This problem of homelessness may not disappear completely, but the number of homeless people can be reduced

Ritalin and Its Uses Essay Example For Students

Ritalin and Its Uses Essay Ritalin and Its UsesIn recent years, more and more kids seem to be on a prescription drugcalled Ritalin(methylphenidate). This drug is being handed out more and more bydoctors as a way of treating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, a complexneurological impairnment that prevents kids from concentrating. According tothe Drug Enforcement Agency, it rose fron 200 grams per 100,000 people to over1400 grams per 100,000 people in the last fifteen years. The National Instituteof Mental Health estimates that about one student in every classroom is believedto experience the disorder. The rate of Ritalin use in the United States is atleast five times higher than in the rest of the world according to federalstudies. Are doctors just catching this disabling affliction more often? Ordoes society just want a convenient way to solve a complicated problem. Ritalin is a central nervous system stimulant that is somewhat similarto amphetamines. It was created in 1955, classified as a controlled substancein 1971, and became the drug of choice for ADHD in 1981. It is also used intreating narcolepsy. It is thought to activate the brain stem arousal systemand cortex, and, like cocaine, works on the neurotransmitter dopamine. Itappears to increase the levels of dopamine in the frontal lobe where attentionand impulsive actions are regulated. When taken in its intended form under adoctors prescritption, it has moderate stimulant properties. There has been agreat deal of concern about its addictive qualities and adverse affects. ADHD is a relatively new disorder. It was introduced in 1980, where itwas labeled ADD(attention deficit disorder). In the 1950s, children weresimply labeled hyperkinetic. The term hyperactivity was added in 1987,hence the name ADHD. Not all children have the hyperactivity, and thus arelabeled to have ADD. ADD is not treated with Ritalin; antidepressants are morecommonly used. One of the problems with the label ADHD is that just because achild may be overly hyper, doesnt mean the child is not paying attention. Theproblem is, the child is paying too much attention to too many things at thesame time. ADHD is childrens #1 childhood psychiatric disorder. The prevalence isthree times as likely in boys than girls. The children tend to be very bright,but are poor students because they cnat settle down. They blurt questions outbefore they are asked. They cant wait their turn, stop fidgeting their legsand tapping their pencils. They tend to be forgetful, have problems followingdirections, and lose things easily, as well as their tempers. This behavioroccurs constantly. This may be a reason why teachers and school psychologistsare adament in their beliefs; these kids are disrupting their classrooms, sothey want the problem solved immeditately, and take the quick fix approach. Experts believe that more than two million children (3-5%) have the disorder. Some scientists believe ADHD is a result of a problem in pregnancyranging from fetal alcohol syndrome to exposure to lead in utero. Otherssuggest that ADHD is hereditary. Dr. Russel Barkley, of the University ofMinnesota reports that nearly half the ADHD children have a parent, and morethan one third have a sibling, with the disorder. Ritalin as prescribed is taken orally, and takes effect in about 30minutes and lasts for about 3-4 hours. Kids usually take 5-10 mg doses threetimes a day. Although many experts report that Ritalin is a positive treatmentin 9 out of 10 patienst, and many parents and students claim the drug is abenefit in their lives, there are many who question the drugs long-termeffects, dangers, misdiagnosis, and non-medical abuse. Diagnosis forADHD isnt as easy as you think. There is no blood test, no x-ray, or no catscan to determine a biological cause for the disorder. Teachers, even inpreschool strongly advocate the drug(negative reinforcement). Schoolpsychologists are even prescribing the drug before giving an evaluation becausethere are so many referrals and a lack of school psychologists (1:2100 students). .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f , .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .postImageUrl , .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f , .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f:hover , .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f:visited , .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f:active { border:0!important; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f:active , .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Comparing throughput accounting and cost based approaches EssayMany times, it has been shown, that psychiatrists who often diagnose for ADHDin children, are disdiagnosing disorders similar to ADHD such as learningdisabilities, depression or anxiety disorders; disorders that do notneccessitate Ritalin as a therapy. Some doctors who are reluctant to prescribeRitalin find that the childerens parents just switch doctors and find doctorswho will. Unfortunately, this is surprisingly easy. Doctors surveyed by theArchives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine said they send ADHD children homein about an hour. The children are not only sent home with just a prescription,but rarely a ny follow up care of additional therapy is adnministered. Expertsin the field of ADHD say behavior modification techniques and extra help inschool is a better way in treating the disorder. Since it takes time to sitdown and go through therapy sessions, and it takes time for parents to fit tisall into their lifestyle, a pill is much more convenient. There are no longterm studies on the effects that it has on children, so many fear whatcomplications may occur later on in life. Correct diagnosis would occur if doctors would take the time to providea complete examination of the patient. To make a correct ADHD diagnosis, it isimportant to review the childs family history, give abstract cognitive tests,observe their behavior, and run a slew of behavioral exams. Other disordersmust be ruled out first. Parents need to make sure a complete evaluation iscarried out before putting a pill in a childs mouth. One would think thatevery parent would explore every option before relying on medication only. Diagnosis would also be much easier if doctors could find a flaw in thebrain. Several studies have shown that ADHD brains look and function slightlydifferent that normal brains. PET(positron emission tomography) has shownthat ADHD brains use less glucose in the prefrontal lobe. The prefrontal lobeis the center for impulse control and attention. By using less glucose-orenergy, this would then agree with the childs behavioral problems. Other testsshow that there is less electrical activity in the same region of the brain. Nonetheless, these studies have not yet been proven to be the cause for thedisorder. Many people are concerned with the non-medical use of Ritalin, also. Ritalin is a Schedule II controlled substance, which means it is a very powerfuldrug, and in the same category as cocaine, methadone, and methamphetamines. TheManufacturer of Ritalin, Ciba-Geiby Corporation, cautions doctors that manyadverse side effects are possible under normal dosage such as: nervousness,insomnia, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, heart palpitations,headaches, rise in heart rate and blood pressure, skin rashes, itching,abdominal pain, weight loss, digestive problems, toxic psychosis, psychoticepisodes, and severe depression upon withdrawal. Many question if such a drugshould be so freely handed out to children because of its possible dangerouseffects. Parents are even trying to lessen the restrictions on Ritalin so theywont have to make monthly doctor visits. Its rise on the black market has also been increasing. Since it is sowidely available, many kids sell the pills for 3-15 dollars a pill. The buyersthen crush up the pill and snort it, giving an intense high similar to cocaine. Some also dissolve it in water and inject it intravenously. In these forms, itis highly addictive, and withdrawal symptoms are also similar to cocaine. Someof the side effects at these high doses may be life threatening: loss ofappetite(may cause serious malnutrition), tremors and muscle twitching, fevers,convulsions, and headaches(may be severe), irregular heartbeat andrespiration(may be profound and life threatening), anxiety, restlessness,paranoia, hallucinations, delusions, excessive repetition of movements andmeaningless tasks, and formicaton(sensation of bugs or worms crawling under theskin). It seems to be abused by high school kids and college studentspredominantly. Although the drug is too complex to manufacture illegally, andit doesnt create the euphoric effect that cocaine has, it seems to be an aid instudying for final exams. It allows students to stay up all night allowing themto cram much easier. .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 , .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .postImageUrl , .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 , .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23:hover , .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23:visited , .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23:active { border:0!important; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23:active , .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cloning and stem cell research EssayIt is important to remember that too many children in America aresuffering from this ailment, and yet too many kids are getting pills instead ofproper care. Although Ritalin currently seems to be an effective way intreating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, we must not treat thisdisorder hastily. Our society must realize that prescription drugs can havejust as many complications as street drugs. Befor writing out a prescription,or carelessly diagnosing ADHD, we must remember that these are kids we aredealing with. They put all their faith in us to help them, and not just tomedicate them.

Reviewing the Drawing by Leonardo and Michelangelo Essay Example For Students

Reviewing the Drawing by Leonardo and Michelangelo Essay After reviewing the drawing by Leonardo, I was kind of able to understand the creative process that his drawing projected. What I interpreted from this piece of work is that he wanted to project to the viewers that this piece clearly expresses his opinions and views, as well as the sharing and learning values within it. A multitude of aspects are projected in all of his pieces, but he remains to give attention to his main focuses which are quality, experience, and nature. In all of Leonardo completed pieces, it allows you to see how he lived his life as an artist ND his other expertises. The way he views an individuals physical capabilities seems to be contributed from his long list Of expertise, Which for its quality is enhancing it as a sign of admiration. Motion is depicted in the images that we see, like helicopters, hum-powered carriages, and military hardware. There is very many design elements Leonardo uses in his pieces, which ensure that there is creativity, quality, interest, and ideas incorporated into his pieces just for his viewers. When I reviewed the pieces done by Michelangelo I mainly focused of the unction and nature of each piece, which allowed me to see how his pieces reflect on the view of creativity. As a whole, most of know the many pieces to art and drawings connect the viewer and the artist on the feeling and thoughts each one to them has. When you look at the pieces done by Michelangelo, you would feel ambiguity, which would project the beauty of the piece and the many different aspects that occurred during his elite.

Training and Development The American National Red Cross

Introduction The field of training and development has changed significantly during the past several years, reflecting both its role and importance in achieving higher employee performance and meeting organizational goals. Training and development has become very important as the crucial link between organizational status and the changes in the market or environment.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Training and Development: The American National Red Cross specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Training and development helps the organization towards having informed workers as paradigms shift and technology changes. This essay provides an overview into the training and development activities in American National Red Cross based on personal observations. The American national Red Cross The American Red Cross organization is an umbrella organization of many community based organizations in the United States that o ffer humanitarian help or response in case of a disaster (The American National Red Cross, 2009). The American Red Cross offers numerous training opportunities both to its staff, volunteers and general public. All training is aimed at making individuals prepared enough to handle disasters or conflicts. American Red Cross relies heavily on volunteers. It is reported that 96% of the total work force in the organization are volunteers (The American National Red Cross, 2009). These volunteers need proper training and orientation before they can be deployed to do humanitarian work. The second core aspect of its operations is training the general public on issues to do with safety and health. The training programs they offer to the general public aim at preparing the public for emergencies and general hygiene in the homes Some of the disasters that Red Cross responds to include earthquake related devastation like the Haiti disaster, weather related disasters e.g. tsunamis and floods. The most common local disasters that American Red Cross deals with are fires in homes, road accidents, and any other home or work place accidents. The American National Red Cross does not only deal with emergencies and disasters. Additionally, the American National Red Cross has blood donation drives and is one of the senior suppliers of blood to hospitals in the US (The American National Red Cross, 2009).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, the American Red Cross works closely with the military. Wherever there are military operations, the Red Cross plays the role of providing support services and attending to the wounded alongside military health officers. Moreover, they also provide message delivery services for the military from wherever to wherever around the globe (The American National Red Cross, 2009). The American Red Cross works closely or in connecti on with the international Red Crescent Movement and Red Cross. It participates actively in the conflict resolution efforts around the globe. However, its major focus is on helping the victims of such conflicts. For example, conflicts and disasters often displace many people. Red Cross works to reunite and reconnect dispersed or separated families. The American Red Cross is part of the international network that offers tracking services for separated individuals. It also offers messaging services for people around the globe who are dealing with either disasters or conflicts (The American National Red Cross, 2009). Training and Development in the American Red Cross Traditionally, only commercial organizations were preoccupied with achieving effectiveness or a competitive advantage. Due to scarce resources, even humanitarian organizations have moved towards adopting best management practices for efficiency and effectiveness. Most organizations appreciate the importance of human resourc e training and development. Organizations are as effectives as the work force i.e. people make organizations become more competitive or better placed in the market (Armstrong, 2006, 85). Research indicates that only organizations that have right employees manage to achieve a competitive advantage (Craig, 1996, p. 21). Most importantly, such organizations invest heavily in ensuring employee skills and competencies are well aligned towards achievement of organizational goals (Aswathappa 2006, 34). This is ensured through training and development. In organizations, training and development is done for two major purposes. Training helps motivate employees while at the same time aligning their skills and competencies with organizational needs. This is to mean that training and development is important both for the individual employee and the organization (Cole, 2005, p. 75). It helps improve employee effectiveness and efficiency as the employee is introduced to more information or skills . In turn the organization is able to cope with changing technologies or social spheres. In the American Red Cross, training and development or capacity building is at the core of their services. Training is done to introduce new entrants to Red Cross procedures, to orient volunteers and staff to a given operations peculiarities or as a form of reward for hard work. After being too involved in the field as a way of refreshing the employees, training is one option available to them.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Training and Development: The American National Red Cross specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apart from training for staff and volunteers, the Red Cross provides training programs to the general public that aim at preparing them for disaster. Individuals are trained in how to live in a healthy way free from hazards i.e. body healthy and environmental safety. The training targets families, individ uals and workers in different industries. The regular training revolves around such basic skills like first aid, how to perform CPR, swimming. These trainings are done by the volunteers across the country. All volunteers coming into American Red Cross are taken through an orientation. The orientation serves to introduce the entrants to the general work done by the organization. Orientation also helps towards aligning volunteers or new staff’s experience, knowledge, skills and interests with disaster program or service opportunities. The training offered by American Red Cross to its staff and volunteers aims at helping them to become better equipped in humanitarian help execution, training of community in health and safety and emergency response. The staff is equipped by cutting edge knowledge and skills so as to respond properly to disasters train others effectively and offer appropriate help in the appropriate way. Training Needs Assessment Training Needs Assessment is done both at individual, organizational and community levels. At the individual level, American Red Cross looks into the training needs of its volunteers and employees. Depending on their level of training and anticipated deployment, the volunteers and staff are given holistic training that enables them respond or work properly. Individuals volunteering with the Red Cross are evaluated on general knowledge in safety, health and disaster issues. Depending on whether the individual has had any related training or not, they are admitted into orientation programs or formal training programs. Most volunteers are specialists in the different fields and thus Red Cross training and development only works to align their skills and experience with the humanitarian causes that it serves. At the organizational level, just as Green (2002, p. 56) advises, training needs assessment is done with respect to particular assignments or causes and their peculiar characteristics. The organization continuously scans the present and future for risks, safety hazards, and possible disasters thus continues to prepare its people for appropriate response. When a particular disaster or challenge occurs its peculiarities are analyzed and arising needs inform training in the organization. For example, given the disaster in Haiti, special trainings are carried out for those going to Haiti. These special trainings aim at helping the volunteers understand what to expect and what would be the appropriate responses.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At the community level, needs assessment is done with the aim of equipping community members with appropriate skills especially in the emergency situations the group is prone to. Community trainings are basic, however, needs assessment are done to establish the training needs of each group. Often community members who are interested in training in basic life saving skills come to Red Cross centers. The training for community members is kind of standard but efforts are made to contextualize it. If an area is prone to tsunamis, efforts are made to encourage given attitudes or understands that would facilitate proper response in case of such a disaster occurring. Components of American Red Cross Training Programs Training and development in organizations has two components i.e. new entrant training and continuing education (Laird and Sharon, 2003, p.14). Training and development in the American Red Cross introduces new entrants to the American Red Cross operations and build capacity of already staff and volunteers already in operation. The new employee or volunteer program aims at equipping them with necessary skills and information necessary for successful participation in humanitarian operations. Continuing education in the American Red Cross takes the form of sponsored further studies for employees. Once an employee has worked with the organization for sometime, they receive sponsorship to pursue further studies in line with personal intentions and the overall organizational manpower forecasts. Continuous education is taken very seriously as they help staff to be informed of dynamics that affect or continue to affect their personal growth and work effectiveness. The personal career development goals and the organizational relevancy are key drivers in continued education for employees (Gary, 2004, p. 38). Education affords them progress in their careers while at the same time enabling achievement of long term organizational goals. The new skills and knowledge a cquired, instrumentally helps staff towards better and efficient service in the organization. Due to the long history of American Red Cross, numerous materials have been developed over time that aid in training. The training materials include training manuals and syllabus that is followed when tackling the different sessions. New volunteers often are introduced to Red Cross’s guiding policies, procedures and philosophy. Then there is introduction to basic skills and competencies necessary in a disaster operation or when responding to an emergency. After the introductory or orientation sessions, new entrants or volunteers are attached to team leaders. From their team they are exposed in an on job kind of training. On job training is a mandatory aspect of training and development (Rae, 2000, p. 83). In the American Red Cross, new entrants are given assignments alongside other more experienced members of the team. This is necessary so that they may receive support and help as ne cessary during work or operations. Once one has acclimatized to work and is now an independent worker in his or her team, continuing education is considered for him or her. Continuing education as already discussed is important because is helps employees expand on their knowledge and skills. Additionally, it also serves as a way of refreshing after many tiring months or years in the field. Continuing education has two components; internal and external. Internal is when the training is done within the Red Cross training centers. External is when the training is done in formal institutions of learning e.g. universities. Training Programs Design As discussed under the Training Needs Assessment, training programs are designed depending on given work or site related peculiarities. There are general programs that aim at helping volunteers and general public to be more prepared towards emergency response or handling of disasters. These programs are basic and standard; the cover the same ki nd of topics or courses. The basic skills or courses include CPR, swimming, dealing with home hazards, responding to fires, and fist aid. Volunteers being deployed in the different roles e.g. blood collection, disaster response etc are taken through specialized programs. Such specialized programs or briefings are critical to ensuring coordinated and appropriate response at the site. Site peculiarities are discerned ad communicated to volunteers and staff. For example, if an area requires certain cultural or religious stipulations, the volunteers are helped as to respond appropriately. Formal further education for staff is encouraged depending on discerned future needs in the organization. It is fortunate that most of the volunteers and staff come with specialized skills. However, through training need forecasts, the future needs in the organization are taken care of. Forecasting the future needs of the organization is a critical aspect or function of the human resource managers (Sal eemi, 2005, p. 82). The training and development function in American Red Cross works closely with the staff and volunteers to identify talent for development. Once an individuals training needs have been established, they are either given an opportunity to train further in a formal institution, they are given senior staff to mentor them or just given appraisal that encourages them to think of further development in a given area. The community training programs are designed with the needs of given social units in mind. Some red cross chapters have gone ahead and designed programs that target organization in its area of operation. Such programs often aim and massive sensitization on health and safety measures and appropriate responses to accidents or disasters. The courses offered are often full day or half day courses. Some of the topics covered in such like programs include general hygiene, communication skills (proper communication is important in disaster response operations, hea lth and safety procedures, medication administration, stopping infection spread, dealing with contamination, rescue or disaster operation planning, handling operation related stress etc. Training programs Delivery In the American Red Cross, training programs are delivered in a number of ways. Often individuals are invited to the Red Cross training centers for formal learning in given issues. Formal classes are given and assessments done. The classes often have theory and practical sessions in which students demonstrate the learnt skills. The trainings are also delivered on a one to one basis. The one to one training sessions are often for otherwise busy individuals who can not fit into the general courses offered at the training centers. Of recent, one on one training programs are also offered online by some Red Cross chapters. Other trainings are delivered in the field, in other institutions such as schools or business organizations. The training and development instructors are wel l trained individuals equipped with learning materials and other technologies. Guided by the philosophy of continuous improvement, the training programs are always improved on based on changing societal structure and increasing disaster ranges. The instructors provide written reading material and other helpful tools for further exploration and practice by participants in training. Training Program Effectiveness: Monitoring and Evaluation The training and development programs are of no use unless they are effective and efficient (Sims, 1998, p. 113). Programs delivery has to be properly time, and professionally delivered. Additionally, what is delivered has to be of consequence or substance. The effectiveness of a training program largely depends on mode of delivery and content. The American Red Cross instructors continuously seek to improve their training programs by monitoring and evaluating the existing programs. Monitoring and evaluation of programs is largely dependent on receiv ing feedback from beneficiaries or participants in the programs. Feed back helps trainers understand what has met expectations and what needs improvement. The other way of ensuring effectiveness or thoroughness in understanding is by every worker becoming a trainer of sorts (Reid Barrington, 2003, p. 98). In the American Red Cross, every experienced volunteer or staff is a trainer. Their work necessarily consists in sensitizing community, teaching community basic health and safety measures or orienting new entrants. Follow up communication is another sure way of ensuring training effectiveness (Sims, 1998, p. 114). This follow up process involves participants being sent newsletters and other pertinent informational materials for their own consumption. This helps especially in communicating new ideas, changes or expounding on already well known concepts. Through magazines and other publications availed to staff, volunteers and other stakeholders, continued learning on American Red C ross operations is facilitated. There is also a lot of information regularly posted on American Red Cross’ website or the websites of its constituent chapters. Conclusion: Overall evaluation Having looked into the training and development programs at American Red Cross, it is clear that the training programs are elaborate and well developed. However, the aspect of employee development is not well catered for. The organization heavily on volunteers and does not offer much room for development. An individual entering American Red Cross with the aim of growing through ranks may not find enough space for such. The organization only offers opportunities for those whose goal is to contribute to humanitarian causes. The lack of clear development guidelines or even opportunities is understandable. The motivation for working in such an organization is necessarily different from why one would work with Microsoft Inc. further; the volunteers are expected to be people who are interested in contributing their time in kind of charity to a humanitarian cause then moving on to their desired careers. A large percentage (96%) of workforces in the organization is volunteers and that may explain why the organization does not have an explicit development plan targeting all employees. However, like in every industry, some of the young volunteers go into the organization in the hope of starting as volunteers but growing steadily to become full time employees. Although the percentage of permanent staff is limited due to nature of work, the organization needs an employee development plan. The training and development department needs develop mechanism that allow for a sort of career progression for young volunteers. If the aspect of development can be elaborately looked into, the training and development programs run by American Red Cross are effective enough. Reference List Armstrong, M. (2006). A handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. 10th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. Aswathappa, K. (2006). Human Resource and Personnel Management  (Text and Cases). 5th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. Cole, G. A. (2005). Personnel and Human Resource Management. 5th Ed. Birmingham: Cengage Learning EMEA. Craig, L. R. (1996). The ASTD Training and Development Handbook: a Guide to Human Resource Development. 4th Ed. New York: McGraw – hill. Gary, D. (2004). Human Resource Management. 9th Ed. New York: Prentice Hall. Green, G. (2002). Training and Development. Chicago: John Wiley Sons. Laird, D. Sharon, S. N. (2003). Approaches to Training and Development. 3rd Ed. Massachusetts: Perseus Books Group. Rae, L. (2000). Effective Planning in Training and Development. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Reid, M. A. and Barrington, H. (2003). Training Interventions: Managing Employee Development. 2nd Ed. Mumbai: Jaico Publishing House. Saleemi, N.A. (2005). Personnel Management Simplified. 2nd Ed. Nairobi: Kwani Publishers. Sims R.R. (1998). Reinventing Training and develo pment. Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. The American National Red Cross. (2009). American Red Cross. 27th January, 2010. Retrieved from https://www.redcross.org/ This research paper on Training and Development: The American National Red Cross was written and submitted by user Raina Armstrong to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sexual Harassment at Hooters

Sexual Harassment at Hooters AbstractManagers and employees periodically face various forms of ethical dilemmas. The manner in which they decide to deal with these dilemmas can have a compelling impact on the goals of the corporation. This paper outlines a few of the more common ethical dilemmas that managers and employees can face at Hooters of America, Inc., sexual harassment and supervisor subordinate dating.Company HistoryThe first Hooters restaurant opened in 1983 and since then the Atlanta based franchise has over 445 locations worldwide. Over half of Hooters 25,000 employees are employed as Hooters girls. Throughout the years beautiful woman have quite literally become synonymous with the restaurant chain. Hooters of America (2008) pride itself on what they describe as, "a pro active lead in the industry addressing issues raised by individual acts of sexual harassment." (About us P10)The company has adopted and implemented a non harassment policy which disallows any form of verbal or physical behavior tha t is deemed inappropriate.Five ways to fight sexual harassment(public servic...IntroductionThe Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) (2008) defines sexual harassment as "Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitute sexual harassment when this conduct explicitly or implicitly affects an individual's employment, unreasonably interferes with an individual's work performance, or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment." (Sexual Harassment P2) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects any employee against discrimination based on sex this includes any form of sexual harassment. According to EEOC web site (2008) the harasser or the victim can be either male or female. The harasser can be anyone employed by the organization including a non employee. The conduct performed by the harasser must be unwelcomed in order for the circumstance to merit sexual harassment. The EEOC (2 008) notes that during 2007 they received over...

The Drug Cartel Issues in Mexico Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

The Drug Cartel Issues in Mexico - Essay Example The demise of the Cali and Medellà ­n drug cartels in Colombia led to the rise of the Mexican drug organizations to fill up the vacuum (Jeffrey, 267). The U.S Closure of the Florida cocaine trafficking route pushed for the need of a new trafficking route hence increasing the role played by Mexican cartels in the trafficking. Weintraub (150) believes that Colombian drug organizations still maintain a significant control in South America mainly in cocaine and heroin smuggling to the eastern U.S. The Mexican government claims that there are seven major drug cartels that operate inside Mexico. They include; Gulf, Sinaloa, and Juà ¡rez which have their presence in much of Mexico (Leonard, 25). The Juà ¡rez drug cartel is found in at least 21 Mexican states while the Sinaloa cartel has its presence in at least 17 states. The Gulf cartel has its presence in at least 13 Mexican states. Also, the Tijuana drug cartel has its presence in 15 states (Colleen, 3). According to David Luhnow and Josà © de Cordoba (1) Mexicos cartels already have tentacles that stretch across the Mexican border. The U.S. Justice department estimates that Mexican gangs are operating in at least 230 cities and towns in both countries. David Luhnow and Josà © de Cordoba (1) reveal that the major drug cartels have formed alliances with one another in recent years. As a result of prison negotiations between their leaders, the Gulf and the Tijuana cartels have formed an alliance. â€Å"The Federation† is an alliance composed of representatives from the Valencia, Sinaloa, and Juà ¡rez drug cartels. They do work together, but remain independent and autonomous drug organizations (Colleen, 194). According to Perrya.hubpages.com (1), 90% of the automatic weapons used by the cartels are made and purchased in the U.S legally. The 2,000 mile border between San Diego,