What Is Battery Acid

Battery acid could refer to any acid used in a chemical cell or battery, but usually, this term describes the acid used in a lead-acid battery, such as those found in motor vehicles.   Car or automotive battery acid is 30-50% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in water. Usually, the acid has a mole fraction of 29%-32% sulfuric acid, a density of 1.25–1.28 kg/L and concentration of 4.2–5 mol/L. Battery acid has a pH of approximately 0.8.​ Construction and Chemical Reaction A lead-acid battery consists of two lead plates separated by a liquid or gel containing sulfuric acid in water. The battery is rechargeable, with charging and  discharging chemical reactions. When the battery is being used (discharged), electrons move from the negatively-charged lead plate to the positively-charged plate. The negative plate reaction is: Pb(s) HSO4-(aq) → PbSO4(s) H(aq) 2 e- The positive plate reaction is: PbO2(s) HSO4- 3H(aq) 2 e- → PbSO4(s) 2 H2O(l) Which may be combined to write the overall chemical reaction: Pb(s) PbO2(s) 2 H2SO4(aq) → 2 PbSO4(s) 2 H2O(l) Charging and Discharging When the battery is fully charged, the negative plate is lead, the electrolyte is concentrated sulfuric acid, and the positive plate is lead dioxide. If the battery is overcharged, electrolysis of water produces hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, which are lost. Some types of batteries allow water to be added to make up for the loss. When the battery is discharged, the reverse reaction forms lead sulfate on both plates. If the battery is fully discharged, the result is two identical lead sulfate plates, separated by water. At this point, the battery is considered completely dead and cant recover or charged again.

The Effects Of Homelessness On A Child s Mental State

Imagine seeing a six-year-old child on the street with tears streaming from his immense, pitiful eyes hoping that one day he can attend school, live in a house, or even get a chance to play with toys. Children’s early experiences shape who they are and affect lifelong health and learning. However, a homeless child lacks opportunities such as safe and stable housing, nurturing and responsive parenting, as well as high-quality learning opportunities from home and school. Thus, it is clear that homelessness has negative developmental effects on a child mentally, socially, and academically. Firstly, homelessness has an impact on a child’s mental state. For children to grow, learn, and master the developmental tasks of childhood, they must be physically and emotionally healthy. A homeless child is raised without the constant nurture of parents, because many parents are pre-occupied with tending to the family’s housing problems or taking care of themselves. Author Ellen Hart-Shegos (1999) states that homeless children are at â€Å"increased risk for mental health problems due to high levels of stress and trauma they experience.† Homeless children are in a constant state of worry and are scared about having no place to live or sleep. The endless anxiety and concern can â€Å"stress their developing systems, including lack of sleep, hunger, and increased levels of stress hormones.† (Smith, 2010) Eventually, a child can become depressed from anxiety and the stress to the body. HomelessShow MoreRelatedThe Homeless Are Homeless : A Middle Class Life style After Marriage1654 Words   |  7 PagesMaxwell and Erin were living a middle class lifestyle after marriage. After a year of marriage, taxes and bills began to catch up to them. Maxwell lost his job and Erin became pregnant. By the time their child was one year old their house was foreclosed, cars and valuable possessions were sold for money just to be able to eat for the next month. 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According to Edidin, Ganim, Hunter, Karnik (2012) on any particular night in the United States there are ~2 million homeless youth living on the streets, in shelters, or in other temporary accommodation. Youth become homeless for multiple reasons whether it be because they have aged out of foster care, ran from home, were kicked out of their homeRead MoreHow Bipolar Disorder Affects The Way A Person s Brain Works Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesOur Invisible Youth Bipolar disorders are one of several different medical conditions called depressive disorders which influence the way a person s brain works. In the United States alone this is a widespread phenomena and it is estimated that more than 17.4 million people have some type of a depressive disorder each year. This disorder has been arranged into four types of classifications: Bipolar I, Bipolar II, Cyclothymic Disorder, and Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified. 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Dasani lives in a place where mold and roaches claims the walls, where vomit submerges the toilets, where kids like Dasani have to watch after their mom as they try to cleanse themselves in a shower that looks and smells like it hasn’t been cleaned since it openedRead MoreHelping The Homeless - Original Writing1672 Words   |  7 Pagespeople who don’t have a home (â€Å"Why Homeless?†). While there are ways to combat homelessness, a program called Housing First should be implemented in the Fairfax County area to address this issue and get homeless people into stable living conditions. Solving homelessness across America is an overwhelming task, but providing aid to the homeless in one specific area is something that can be done. This problem of homelessness may not disappear completely, but the number of homeless people can be reduced

Ritalin and Its Uses Essay Example For Students

Ritalin and Its Uses Essay Ritalin and Its UsesIn recent years, more and more kids seem to be on a prescription drugcalled Ritalin(methylphenidate). This drug is being handed out more and more bydoctors as a way of treating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, a complexneurological impairnment that prevents kids from concentrating. According tothe Drug Enforcement Agency, it rose fron 200 grams per 100,000 people to over1400 grams per 100,000 people in the last fifteen years. The National Instituteof Mental Health estimates that about one student in every classroom is believedto experience the disorder. The rate of Ritalin use in the United States is atleast five times higher than in the rest of the world according to federalstudies. Are doctors just catching this disabling affliction more often? Ordoes society just want a convenient way to solve a complicated problem. Ritalin is a central nervous system stimulant that is somewhat similarto amphetamines. It was created in 1955, classified as a controlled substancein 1971, and became the drug of choice for ADHD in 1981. It is also used intreating narcolepsy. It is thought to activate the brain stem arousal systemand cortex, and, like cocaine, works on the neurotransmitter dopamine. Itappears to increase the levels of dopamine in the frontal lobe where attentionand impulsive actions are regulated. When taken in its intended form under adoctors prescritption, it has moderate stimulant properties. There has been agreat deal of concern about its addictive qualities and adverse affects. ADHD is a relatively new disorder. It was introduced in 1980, where itwas labeled ADD(attention deficit disorder). In the 1950s, children weresimply labeled hyperkinetic. The term hyperactivity was added in 1987,hence the name ADHD. Not all children have the hyperactivity, and thus arelabeled to have ADD. ADD is not treated with Ritalin; antidepressants are morecommonly used. One of the problems with the label ADHD is that just because achild may be overly hyper, doesnt mean the child is not paying attention. Theproblem is, the child is paying too much attention to too many things at thesame time. ADHD is childrens #1 childhood psychiatric disorder. The prevalence isthree times as likely in boys than girls. The children tend to be very bright,but are poor students because they cnat settle down. They blurt questions outbefore they are asked. They cant wait their turn, stop fidgeting their legsand tapping their pencils. They tend to be forgetful, have problems followingdirections, and lose things easily, as well as their tempers. This behavioroccurs constantly. This may be a reason why teachers and school psychologistsare adament in their beliefs; these kids are disrupting their classrooms, sothey want the problem solved immeditately, and take the quick fix approach. Experts believe that more than two million children (3-5%) have the disorder. Some scientists believe ADHD is a result of a problem in pregnancyranging from fetal alcohol syndrome to exposure to lead in utero. Otherssuggest that ADHD is hereditary. Dr. Russel Barkley, of the University ofMinnesota reports that nearly half the ADHD children have a parent, and morethan one third have a sibling, with the disorder. Ritalin as prescribed is taken orally, and takes effect in about 30minutes and lasts for about 3-4 hours. Kids usually take 5-10 mg doses threetimes a day. Although many experts report that Ritalin is a positive treatmentin 9 out of 10 patienst, and many parents and students claim the drug is abenefit in their lives, there are many who question the drugs long-termeffects, dangers, misdiagnosis, and non-medical abuse. Diagnosis forADHD isnt as easy as you think. There is no blood test, no x-ray, or no catscan to determine a biological cause for the disorder. Teachers, even inpreschool strongly advocate the drug(negative reinforcement). Schoolpsychologists are even prescribing the drug before giving an evaluation becausethere are so many referrals and a lack of school psychologists (1:2100 students). .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f , .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .postImageUrl , .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f , .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f:hover , .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f:visited , .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f:active { border:0!important; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f:active , .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0ce20d821d2cd0b1bbdb0cff78eaf25f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Comparing throughput accounting and cost based approaches EssayMany times, it has been shown, that psychiatrists who often diagnose for ADHDin children, are disdiagnosing disorders similar to ADHD such as learningdisabilities, depression or anxiety disorders; disorders that do notneccessitate Ritalin as a therapy. Some doctors who are reluctant to prescribeRitalin find that the childerens parents just switch doctors and find doctorswho will. Unfortunately, this is surprisingly easy. Doctors surveyed by theArchives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine said they send ADHD children homein about an hour. The children are not only sent home with just a prescription,but rarely a ny follow up care of additional therapy is adnministered. Expertsin the field of ADHD say behavior modification techniques and extra help inschool is a better way in treating the disorder. Since it takes time to sitdown and go through therapy sessions, and it takes time for parents to fit tisall into their lifestyle, a pill is much more convenient. There are no longterm studies on the effects that it has on children, so many fear whatcomplications may occur later on in life. Correct diagnosis would occur if doctors would take the time to providea complete examination of the patient. To make a correct ADHD diagnosis, it isimportant to review the childs family history, give abstract cognitive tests,observe their behavior, and run a slew of behavioral exams. Other disordersmust be ruled out first. Parents need to make sure a complete evaluation iscarried out before putting a pill in a childs mouth. One would think thatevery parent would explore every option before relying on medication only. Diagnosis would also be much easier if doctors could find a flaw in thebrain. Several studies have shown that ADHD brains look and function slightlydifferent that normal brains. PET(positron emission tomography) has shownthat ADHD brains use less glucose in the prefrontal lobe. The prefrontal lobeis the center for impulse control and attention. By using less glucose-orenergy, this would then agree with the childs behavioral problems. Other testsshow that there is less electrical activity in the same region of the brain. Nonetheless, these studies have not yet been proven to be the cause for thedisorder. Many people are concerned with the non-medical use of Ritalin, also. Ritalin is a Schedule II controlled substance, which means it is a very powerfuldrug, and in the same category as cocaine, methadone, and methamphetamines. TheManufacturer of Ritalin, Ciba-Geiby Corporation, cautions doctors that manyadverse side effects are possible under normal dosage such as: nervousness,insomnia, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, heart palpitations,headaches, rise in heart rate and blood pressure, skin rashes, itching,abdominal pain, weight loss, digestive problems, toxic psychosis, psychoticepisodes, and severe depression upon withdrawal. Many question if such a drugshould be so freely handed out to children because of its possible dangerouseffects. Parents are even trying to lessen the restrictions on Ritalin so theywont have to make monthly doctor visits. Its rise on the black market has also been increasing. Since it is sowidely available, many kids sell the pills for 3-15 dollars a pill. The buyersthen crush up the pill and snort it, giving an intense high similar to cocaine. Some also dissolve it in water and inject it intravenously. In these forms, itis highly addictive, and withdrawal symptoms are also similar to cocaine. Someof the side effects at these high doses may be life threatening: loss ofappetite(may cause serious malnutrition), tremors and muscle twitching, fevers,convulsions, and headaches(may be severe), irregular heartbeat andrespiration(may be profound and life threatening), anxiety, restlessness,paranoia, hallucinations, delusions, excessive repetition of movements andmeaningless tasks, and formicaton(sensation of bugs or worms crawling under theskin). It seems to be abused by high school kids and college studentspredominantly. Although the drug is too complex to manufacture illegally, andit doesnt create the euphoric effect that cocaine has, it seems to be an aid instudying for final exams. It allows students to stay up all night allowing themto cram much easier. .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 , .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .postImageUrl , .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 , .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23:hover , .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23:visited , .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23:active { border:0!important; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23:active , .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23 .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6019eea5dbef5005451704ec0e7fce23:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cloning and stem cell research EssayIt is important to remember that too many children in America aresuffering from this ailment, and yet too many kids are getting pills instead ofproper care. Although Ritalin currently seems to be an effective way intreating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, we must not treat thisdisorder hastily. Our society must realize that prescription drugs can havejust as many complications as street drugs. Befor writing out a prescription,or carelessly diagnosing ADHD, we must remember that these are kids we aredealing with. They put all their faith in us to help them, and not just tomedicate them.

Reviewing the Drawing by Leonardo and Michelangelo Essay Example For Students

Reviewing the Drawing by Leonardo and Michelangelo Essay After reviewing the drawing by Leonardo, I was kind of able to understand the creative process that his drawing projected. What I interpreted from this piece of work is that he wanted to project to the viewers that this piece clearly expresses his opinions and views, as well as the sharing and learning values within it. A multitude of aspects are projected in all of his pieces, but he remains to give attention to his main focuses which are quality, experience, and nature. In all of Leonardo completed pieces, it allows you to see how he lived his life as an artist ND his other expertises. The way he views an individuals physical capabilities seems to be contributed from his long list Of expertise, Which for its quality is enhancing it as a sign of admiration. Motion is depicted in the images that we see, like helicopters, hum-powered carriages, and military hardware. There is very many design elements Leonardo uses in his pieces, which ensure that there is creativity, quality, interest, and ideas incorporated into his pieces just for his viewers. When I reviewed the pieces done by Michelangelo I mainly focused of the unction and nature of each piece, which allowed me to see how his pieces reflect on the view of creativity. As a whole, most of know the many pieces to art and drawings connect the viewer and the artist on the feeling and thoughts each one to them has. When you look at the pieces done by Michelangelo, you would feel ambiguity, which would project the beauty of the piece and the many different aspects that occurred during his elite.